Loyalist and Patriot forces contended for Maine's territory during the American Revolution. A number of English settlements were established along the coast of Maine in the 1620s, although the rugged climate and conflict with the local indigenous people caused many to fail.Īs Maine entered the 18th century, only a half dozen European settlements had survived. The first English settlement was the short-lived Popham Colony, established by the Plymouth Company in 1607. The first European settlement in the area was by the French in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, founded by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons. At the time of European arrival, several Algonquian-speaking nations governed the area and these nations are now known as the Wabanaki Confederacy. The territory of Maine has been inhabited by aboriginal populations for thousands of years after the glaciers retreated during the last ice age. Coastal and Down East Maine have emerged as important centers for the creative economy, especially in the vicinity of Portland, which is also bringing gentrification. Maine has traditionally been known for its jagged, rocky Atlantic Ocean and bayshore coastlines smoothly contoured mountains heavily forested interior picturesque waterways and its wild lowbush blueberries and seafood cuisine, especially lobster and clams. The most populous city in Maine is Portland, while its capital is Augusta. Approximately half the area of Maine lies on each side of the 45th parallel north in latitude. It is also the northeasternmost among the contiguous United States, the northernmost state east of the Great Lakes, the only state whose name consists of a single syllable, and the only state to border exactly one other U.S. The largest state by total area in New England, Maine is the 12th-smallest by area, the 9th-least populous, the 13th-least densely populated, and the most rural of the 50 U.S. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and northwest, respectively. Maine ( / m eɪ n/ ( listen)) is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States.
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